概述

logback是由log4j创始人设计的又一个开源日志组件。

logback当前分成三个模块：logback-core，logback- classic和logback-access。
logback-core是其它两个模块的基础模块。
logback-classic是log4j的一个 改良版本。它完整实现slf4j API，所以可以很方便地使用slf4j来整合。
logback-access访问模块与容器集成提供通过Http来访问日志的功能。

slf4j，即简单日志门面（Simple Logging Facade for Java）。
它不是具体的日志解决方案，它只服务于各种各样的日志系统。

完整实例

以下展示一个在Spring中整合 slf4j + logback 的实例。

maven依赖

在Spring中集成logback + slf4j需要添加相关jar包。

如果使用maven管理项目，只需在pom.xml中添加以下依赖即可：

<dependency>
  <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
  <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
  <version>1.1.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
  <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
  <version>1.1.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.logback-extensions</groupId>
  <artifactId>logback-ext-spring</artifactId>
  <version>0.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
  <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
  <version>1.7.12</version>
</dependency>

logback.xml 配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<!-- logback中一共有5种有效级别，分别是TRACE、DEBUG、INFO、WARN、ERROR，优先级依次从低到高 -->
<configuration scan="true" scanPeriod="60 seconds" debug="false">

  <property name="DIR_NAME" value="spring-helloworld"/>

  <!-- 将记录日志打印到控制台 -->
  <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
    <encoder>
      <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] [%-5p] %c{36}.%M - %m%n</pattern>
    </encoder>
  </appender>

  <!-- RollingFileAppender begin -->
  <appender name="ALL" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
    <!-- 根据时间来制定滚动策略 -->
    <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
      <fileNamePattern>${user.dir}/logs/${DIR_NAME}/all.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log</fileNamePattern>
      <maxHistory>30</maxHistory>
    </rollingPolicy>

    <!-- 根据文件大小来制定滚动策略 -->
    <triggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy">
      <maxFileSize>30MB</maxFileSize>
    </triggeringPolicy>

    <encoder>
      <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] [%-5p] %c{36}.%M - %m%n</pattern>
    </encoder>
  </appender>

  <appender name="ERROR" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
    <!-- 根据时间来制定滚动策略 -->
    <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
      <fileNamePattern>${user.dir}/logs/${DIR_NAME}/error.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log</fileNamePattern>
      <maxHistory>30</maxHistory>
    </rollingPolicy>

    <!-- 根据文件大小来制定滚动策略 -->
    <triggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy">
      <maxFileSize>10MB</maxFileSize>
    </triggeringPolicy>

    <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
      <level>ERROR</level>
      <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
      <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
    </filter>

    <encoder>
      <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] [%-5p] %c{36}.%M - %m%n</pattern>
    </encoder>
  </appender>

  <appender name="WARN" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
    <!-- 根据时间来制定滚动策略 -->
    <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
      <fileNamePattern>${user.dir}/logs/${DIR_NAME}/warn.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log</fileNamePattern>
      <maxHistory>30</maxHistory>
    </rollingPolicy>

    <!-- 根据文件大小来制定滚动策略 -->
    <triggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy">
      <maxFileSize>10MB</maxFileSize>
    </triggeringPolicy>

    <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
      <level>WARN</level>
      <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
      <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
    </filter>

    <encoder>
      <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] [%-5p] %c{36}.%M - %m%n</pattern>
    </encoder>
  </appender>

  <appender name="INFO" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
    <!-- 根据时间来制定滚动策略 -->
    <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
      <fileNamePattern>${user.dir}/logs/${DIR_NAME}/info.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log</fileNamePattern>
      <maxHistory>30</maxHistory>
    </rollingPolicy>

    <!-- 根据文件大小来制定滚动策略 -->
    <triggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy">
      <maxFileSize>10MB</maxFileSize>
    </triggeringPolicy>

    <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
      <level>INFO</level>
      <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
      <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
    </filter>

    <encoder>
      <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] [%-5p] %c{36}.%M - %m%n</pattern>
    </encoder>
  </appender>

  <appender name="DEBUG" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
    <!-- 根据时间来制定滚动策略 -->
    <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
      <fileNamePattern>${user.dir}/logs/${DIR_NAME}/debug.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log</fileNamePattern>
      <maxHistory>30</maxHistory>
    </rollingPolicy>

    <!-- 根据文件大小来制定滚动策略 -->
    <triggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy">
      <maxFileSize>10MB</maxFileSize>
    </triggeringPolicy>

    <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
      <level>DEBUG</level>
      <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
      <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
    </filter>

    <encoder>
      <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] [%-5p] %c{36}.%M - %m%n</pattern>
    </encoder>
  </appender>

  <appender name="TRACE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
    <!-- 根据时间来制定滚动策略 -->
    <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
      <fileNamePattern>${user.dir}/logs/${DIR_NAME}/trace.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log</fileNamePattern>
      <maxHistory>30</maxHistory>
    </rollingPolicy>

    <!-- 根据文件大小来制定滚动策略 -->
    <triggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy">
      <maxFileSize>10MB</maxFileSize>
    </triggeringPolicy>

    <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
      <level>TRACE</level>
      <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
      <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
    </filter>

    <encoder>
      <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] [%-5p] %c{36}.%M - %m%n</pattern>
    </encoder>
  </appender>

  <appender name="SPRING" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
    <!-- 根据时间来制定滚动策略 -->
    <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
      <fileNamePattern>${user.dir}/logs/${DIR_NAME}/springframework.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log
      </fileNamePattern>
      <maxHistory>30</maxHistory>
    </rollingPolicy>

    <!-- 根据文件大小来制定滚动策略 -->
    <triggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy">
      <maxFileSize>10MB</maxFileSize>
    </triggeringPolicy>

    <encoder>
      <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] [%-5p] %c{36}.%M - %m%n</pattern>
    </encoder>
  </appender>
  <!-- RollingFileAppender end -->

  <!-- logger begin -->
  <!-- 本项目的日志记录，分级打印 -->
  <logger name="org.zp.notes.spring" level="TRACE" additivity="false">
    <appender-ref ref="STDOUT"/>
    <appender-ref ref="ERROR"/>
    <appender-ref ref="WARN"/>
    <appender-ref ref="INFO"/>
    <appender-ref ref="DEBUG"/>
    <appender-ref ref="TRACE"/>
  </logger>

  <!-- SPRING框架日志 -->
  <logger name="org.springframework" level="TRACE" additivity="false">
    <appender-ref ref="SPRING"/>
  </logger>

  <root level="TRACE">
    <appender-ref ref="ALL"/>
  </root>
  <!-- logger end -->
</configuration>

Java中使用slf4j

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

public class App {
    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(App.class);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String msg = "try to print logs";
        log.trace(msg);
        log.debug(msg);
        log.info(msg);
        log.warn(msg);
        log.error(msg);
    }
}

logback配置

一张图告诉你logback的配置。